Fig. 2

Results of simulation study. Row 1: Microvessel structures for cases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. MV1, MV2, MV3, and MV4 are labels of microvessel structure, and CMV1, CMV2, CMV3, and CMV4 labels complex microvessel structure. Row 2: Microvessel structures of all four cases in polar coordinates. Row 3: radial and tangential histogram plots with the biomarker values, biomarkers MRH, \(\:{\text{k}\text{u}\text{r}\text{t}\text{o}\text{s}\text{i}\text{s}}_{r}\), MTH, and \(\:{\text{k}\text{u}\text{r}\text{t}\text{o}\text{s}\text{i}\text{s}}_{\theta\:}\). Row 4: Weight (W) and mean gradient angle (MGA) values for each microvessel structure, along with the PGA values, are shown for each case. Row 5 illustrates the approach used to compute the angle \(\:\left({\theta\:}_{i}\:and\:{C\theta\:}_{i}\right)\) for \(\:{i}^{th}\) simple and complex microvessel structure in contact with ROI along with APD values for each case. Finally, Row 6: illustrate circumferential and penetrating microvessel structures derived using the PCD approach, along with the values of penetration factor (PF) of each microvessel structure inside lesion and PCD values corresponding to each case.