Fig. 11

Correlation matrix of studied traits under Cd stress alone (left two panels) and Cd stress + MeJa (right panels). In all matrix plots, red and blue boxes represent positive and negative correlations, respectively, where greater color intensity indicates a higher coefficient. *, **, and *** signify significance at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively. Traits description: r, s, l and t root, stem, leaf and total, respectively, PRO proline, HP H2O2, Cd cadmium, RL root length, RSR root-shoot ratio, MDA malonaldehyde, SLA specific leaf area, gs stomatal conductance, E transpiration rate, SOD superoxide dismutase, TAC total antioxidant capacity, POD peroxidase, Chl chlorophyll, CAR total carotenoids, NoL number of leaf, LFW leaf fresh weight, A rate of photosynthesis, RFW root fresh weight, RDW root dry weight, CAT catalase, SFW stem fresh weight, SDW stem dry weight, LA leaf area, TFW total fresh weight, SL shoot length, LDW leaf dry weight, TDW total dry weight.