Fig. 9
PCA-biplot illustrating the variability of seven growth conditions based on 40 measured traits in water spinach plant. The first and second principal components (PCs) explained 55.4% and 20.2% of the total variability, respectively. The traits’ contribution to the first two PCs is represented by the color gradients and arrow lengths. The longer and darker green arrows denote a higher contributing trait while the shorter and dark red arrows refer to lower contributing traits. Traits description: r, s, l and t root, stem, leaf and total, respectively, PRO proline, HP H2O2, Cd cadmium, RL root length, RSR root-shoot ratio, MDA malonaldehyde, SLA Specific leaf area, gs stomatal conductance, E Transpiration rate, SOD Superoxide dismutase, TAC Total antioxidant capacity, POD Peroxidase, Chl Chlorophyll, CAR Total carotenoids, NoL Number of leaf, LFW Leaf fresh weight, A Rate of photosynthesis, RFW Root fresh weight, RDW Root dry weight, CAT Catalase, SFW Stem fresh weight, SDW Stem dry weight, LA Leaf area, TFW Total fresh weight, SL Shoot length, LDW Leaf dry weight, TDW Total dry weight.
