Fig. 8

Expression level of candidate genes including (a) nudix hydrolase 2-like (NUD2), (b) glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase-like (QNS), (c) CBL-interacting protein kinase 18-like (CIPK18), (d) CSC1-like protein (CSC1), (e) glutathione synthetase (GSS), (g) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 18-like (MAPKKK18). Statistical analysis was performed using Duncan’s test to compare the DAI of R72 (presented as small letters) and HN (presented as capital letters), and the same letters were not significantly different (p < 0.05). Asterisks indicate the level of statistical significance between cultivars at the same DAI based on ANOVA: *p ≤ 0.05, ** p≤ 0.01, *** p≤ 0.001.