Fig. 4

(a) Schematic of air-sea interactions modulated by the ISW. (b) Photo of one ISW front in the northern SCS taken on R/V DFH3. (c) MODIS image in gray covering the area around the Dongsha Island, which is circled in red in Fig. 1a. (d) Proportion of ISW fronts (red) and rears (blue) along the zonal red dashed lines in Fig. 4c, and their means are indicated by dashed lines and numbers.