Table 3 The classic HMM and MOHT-HMM based spectrum prediction performance comparison.

From: A homotopy estimation based temporal-spatial spectrum prediction for UAV communications with arbitrary flight paths

 

\(L_1^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_2^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_3^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_4^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_5^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_6^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_7^{\text {ukn}}\)

HMM (measured data)

0.8480

0.8586

0.8772

0.8996

0.9054

0.9280

0.9180

MOHT-HMM (estimated data)

0.8365

0.8460

0.8550

0.8750

0.8860

0.8980

0.9086

 

\(L_8^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_9^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_{10}^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_{11}^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_{12}^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_{13}^{\text {ukn}}\)

\(L_{14}^{\text {ukn}}\)

HMM (measured data)

0.9460

0.9368

0.9445

0.9280

0.8405

0.9022

0.8814

MOHT-HMM (estimated data)

0.9390

0.9300

0.9230

0.9020

0.8249

0.8694

0.8498