Fig. 3

TCF downregulates melanin contents in melan-a cells. Photograph for (A) Extracellular melanin and (B) the melan-a cell line, and (C-D) melanin content in live melan-a cells post-72 h. Scale bar: 1000 μm. (C) TCF-treated group and (D) arbutin-treated group. Melanin contents in melan-a cell line was calculated using the following formula; Melanin contents/cell viability × 100 (%). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of triplicate experiments. Statistical significance was analyzed using one-tailed one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (*p < 0.05).