Fig. 7

The plot describes the dynamics of the exposed, infected, and self-isolated human individuals under varying values of \(\beta _h\). Specifically, subfigures (a), (b), and (c) depict the temporal changes in the numbers of exposed, infected, and self-isolated people, respectively. Variations in \(\beta _h\) represent changes in the human-to-human transmission rate, demonstrating how this parameter influences disease progression across the compartments.