Fig. 4

Quantification of the relative amount of (a) cellular nucleic acids based on SD second derivative FTIR signals for the DNA [1], RNA [2] and the DNA/RNA ratio [1]; (b) nucleic acids in nuclei based on Raman signals DNA [1] and based on UHD second derivate FTIR signals for the DNA/RNA ratio [2], phases of the cell cycle [3], and percentage of cell cycle phases + /− SEM (SEM, Standard Error of the Mean) [4]; (c) proteins in nuclei based on UHD second derivative FTIR signals for total proteins [1], serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) [2], tyrosine (Tyr) [3], conformational changes [4] and based on Raman signals for protein cross-linking [5]; (d) the total lipids in nuclei based on UHD second derivative FTIR signals for acyl chain length [1], esterified lipids [2], and phosphorylated lipids [3]. The parameters of the spectral markers are given in Table 1. One-way ANOVA or non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA analysis were used to determine to calculated statistical significance at p-value thresholds of *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.