Table 4 Effect of conservation agriculture on soil chemical parameters in 0–5 cm soil depth.

From: Long-term conservation agriculture to enhance soil properties and quality in rice–wheat cropping system

Treatments/scenarios

Soil chemical parameters (0–5 cm)

SOC (g kg−1)

pH

EC (dS m−1)

Av. N (mg kg−1)

Av. P (mg kg−1)

Av. K (mg kg−1)

Av. S (mg kg−1)

Av. Zn (mg kg−1)

Av. Fe (mg kg−1)

Av. Mn (mg kg−1)

Av. Cu (mg kg−1)

Av. B (mg kg−1)

CA2

5.35c

7.92a

0.38a

118.4 cd

11.9c

86.9 cd

19.7b

2.28b

22.7bc

17.4bc

1.59a

1.55 cd

CA4

5.84c

7.84a

0.41a

125.0c

13.5bc

95.4bc

21.5ab

2.47ab

23.5abc

18.4abc

1.59a

1.79bc

CA8

6.96b

7.72a

0.34a

142.5b

14.8ab

100.0b

24.3ab

3.22a

27.2ab

21.1ab

1.93a

2.18ab

CA12

7.95a

7.66a

0.38a

169.1a

16.1a

130.5a

26.7a

3.21a

28.1a

22.2a

1.96a

2.53a

CT

4.99c

7.96a

0.40a

108.2d

12.0c

82.7d

18.9b

2.22b

20.1c

16.2c

1.66a

1.27d

  1. Values with similar lower-case letter within a column for each scenario are not significantly different at P < 0.05 according to Tukey’s HSD. CA2- Conservation agriculture followed for 2 years; CA4- Conservation agriculture followed for 4 years; CA8- Conservation agriculture followed for 8 years; CA12- Conservation agriculture followed for 12 years; CT- Conventional tillage.
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