Fig. 6
Germination is affected by ultrashort femtosecond R and FR pulses. Imbibed wild-type Arabidopsis seeds were pulse-irradiated with different R or FR light sources, or with R irradiation followed by FR irradiation (R + FR). The germination was determined after 72 h dark incubation. (A) The seeds were irradiated with R light at a fluence rate of 8.5 µmol m– 2 s– 1 (total fluence: 8.5 mmol m– 2), or with FR light at a fluence rate of 95.3 µmol m– 2 s– 1 (total fluence: 11.4 mmol m– 2) or with R and subsequently with FR light, using the following irradiation parameters: fsR Ti: Sa (100–120 µW, 1000 s); fsFR (1000–1100 µW, 120 s); LEDR (100 µW, 1000 s); LEDFR (1000 µW, 120 s). Non-irradiated control (Dark) was also included. The measurement was performed in two replicates with the total number of seeds per treatment group being N > 160 and N > 70 per replicates in a subgroup (mean ± SE; n = 2). The letters indicate significant differences of the means (p < 0.05 by ANOVA followed by a Tukey Test). (B) The seeds were irradiated with fsR Ti: Sa (80 µW, 1000 s) at a fluence rate of 6.8 µmol m– 2 s– 1 (total fluence of 6.8 mmol m– 2 ) or fsFR Ti: Sa (750 µW, 120 s) at a fluence rate 71.5 µmol m– 2 s– 1 (total fluence of 8.6 mmol m– 2). Non-irradiated control (Dark) was also included. The measurement was performed in three replicates with the total number of seeds per treatment group being N > 170 and N > 50 per replicates in a subgroup (mean ± SE; n = 3). The line bisecting each box represents the median value; the lower and upper edge of the box indicate the minimum and the maximum values, respectively. The empty square within each box indicate the mean value. The different letters indicate significant differences in the means (p < 0.05 by ANOVA followed by a Tukey Test).
