Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Global burden of substance use disorders in adolescents and young adults aged 10–24 years from 1990 to 2021

Fig. 4

Geospatial distribution of AAPCs in age-standardized rates of SUDs among adolescents and young adults aged 10–24 years, 1990–2021 (both sexes): (A) ASIR, (B) ASPR, (C) ASMR, and (D) ASDR. Note: Maps illustrate epidemiological transitions and disease burden patterns without implying political or territorial boundaries. The figure was generated using sf and ggplot2 packages in R software (v4.4.1) (https://www.r-project.org/). AAPCs, average annual percent changes; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASPR, age-standardized prevalence rate; ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; ASDR, age-standardized rate of DALYs; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; SUDs, substance use disorders.

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