Fig. 2

Neutralising activity in sera from HIV-infected participants (n = 96). Activity was assessed using the VSV(SARS-CoV-2) and HIV(VSV-G)-based assays. (a) Neutralising antibody (nAb) seroprevalence across the four surveys was measured using the VSV(SARS-CoV-2) PVNA. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals, with percentage values shown. (b) Percent neutralisation against Ancestral B.1, and the Beta, Delta and Omicron (BA.1) variants across the entire study period, using VSV-based pseudotypes. Box plots display the median and interquartile range (IQR). Red dashed line shows the 90% cut-off. Statistical significance was determined using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test: ns - not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. (c) Neutralising antibody (nAb) seroprevalence across the four surveys was assessed using HIV(VSV-G) pseudoviruses to determine if non-SARS-CoV-2 S-related inhibitory activity was occurring. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals, with percentage values shown. (d) Percent neutralisation against HIV(VSV-G) across the entire study period. Box plot displays the median and interquartile range (IQR). Red dashed line shows the 90% cut-off.