Fig. 1

The Robotic system. (A) The Robot system KD- SR-2000 and surgical procedure of RAPN was carried whereas (A1) open the surgeon console, (A2) the patient side cart with four robotic arms and (A3) the vision cart. (B) The Robot system EDGE MP1000 show: (B1) the surgeon console, (B2) the patient side cart with four arms and (B3) the vision cart. (C) The DV Xi Robot system show: (C1) the surgeon console with flexion of the neck, (C2) the patient side cart with four robotic arms and (C3) the vision cart.