Fig. 5

Mechanism by which berberine hydrochloride affects GBC cells according to the inflammation array analysis. A/B/C, berberine hydrochloride reduced the concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-11 in GBC cell supernatants: A, GBC-SD cell line; B, NOZ cell line. D/E/F/G, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, which includes IL-6 and its downstream JAK/STAT signaling pathway, was highly enriched. GBC, gallbladder cancer; NC, negative control (cells were treated with DMSO); BH, berberine hydrochloride (cells were treated with berberine hydrochloride).