Fig. 8

BH inhibits the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. A/C/D/E, berberine hydrochloride increased the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 and inhibited the expression of XIAP in GBC-SD cells. B/F, BH decreased the level of p-STAT3 in GBC cells. G/H, the decrease in tumor volume in the oral administration group was greater than that in the negative control group. All data represent the mean ± SD, n = 6 (G/H), n = 3 (A/C/D/E). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns, no significance. GBC, gallbladder cancer; NC, negative control (cells were treated with DMSO); BH, berberine hydrochloride (cells were treated with berberine hydrochloride). Original blots/gels are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1. The samples (p-STAT3, STAT3) derive from the same experiment and that gels/blots were processed in parallel.