Fig. 3

Three-dimensional fault model, velocity model, and distribution of earthquakes in the Luding earthquake catalog in the Y-shaped junction area. The P-wave velocity model is from reference42and the Y-shaped junction fault model is from the China Seismic Experimental Site. For visualization purposes, the vertical exaggeration is 3x. Figure were generated using SKUA-GOCAD 2017 (https://www.aspentech.com/en/products/sse/aspen-skua) and CorelDRAW Standard 2024 (https://www.coreldraw.com/en/product/coreldraw/standard/).