Table 4 Top 20 cities by degree centrality (Freighter Routes).

Ranking	1996		2002		2008		2014		2019
Ranking	City	Degree Centrality	City	Degree Centrality	City	Degree Centrality	City	Degree Centrality	City	Degree Centrality
1	Shanghai	28.571	Shanghai	9.911	Shanghai	13.266	Shanghai	9.882	Shanghai	9.684
2	Beijing	19.682	Beijing	3.99	Beijing	2.402	Seoul	1.352	Hong Kong	1.647
3	Novosibirsk	9.513	Anchorage	3.413	Seoul	2.035	Anchorage	1.247	Zhengzhou	1.501
4	New York	8.152	New York	1.061	Anchorage	1.545	Frankfurt	1.205	Anchorage	1.431
5	Ulyanovsk	5.666	Frankfurt	0.978	Frankfurt	1.391	Beijing	0.947	Guangzhou	1.427
6	Tianjin	5.549	Seoul	0.904	Osaka	1.269	Chicago	0.91	Chicago	1.391
7	Anchorage	5.522	Los Angeles	0.878	Amsterdam	1.236	Hong Kong	0.89	Seoul	1.255
8	Moscow	5.111	Tokyo	0.803	Hong Kong	1.197	Guangzhou	0.888	Los Angeles	1.017
9	Shenzhen	5.008	Chicago	0.799	Tianjin	1.18	Luxembourg	0.806	Frankfurt	0.993
10	Tokyo	5.005	Shenzhen	0.76	Tokyo	1.015	Amsterdam	0.799	Moscow	0.965
11	Cairo	4.087	Osaka	0.708	Shenzhen	1.01	Los Angeles	0.759	Tokyo	0.935
12	Osaka	3.709	Moscow	0.69	Los Angeles	0.944	Zhengzhou	0.735	Tianjin	0.912
13	Shenyang	2.749	Paris	0.673	Xiamen	0.94	Tianjin	0.674	Amsterdam	0.868
14	Frankfurt	2.239	Hong Kong	0.536	Chicago	0.893	Novosibirsk	0.637	Luxembourg	0.802
15	Chicago	1.924	Seattle	0.499	Luxembourg	0.857	Moscow	0.599	Taipei	0.651
16	Irkutsk	1.601	Tashkent	0.379	Paris	0.761	Tokyo	0.55	Osaka	0.608
17	Dubai	1.583	Ontario	0.364	Moscow	0.736	Osaka	0.507	Beijing	0.546
18	Milan	1.465	Luxembourg	0.354	Guangzhou	0.724	Taipei	0.501	Baku	0.464
19	Seattle	1.401	Bangkok	0.303	Nanjing	0.666	Singapore	0.476	Chongqing	0.455
20	Brussels	1.369	Singapore	0.288	Macau	0.659	Chongqing	0.339	Shenzhen	0.431

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