Table 3 Stepwise fitting for the original series.

From: Application of the adaptive sparrow search algorithm in medical supply engineering

Variables

Model

( 1 )

Model

( 2 )

Model

( 3 )

Constant

9.638

(1.381)

9.766

(1.509)

3.913

(1.240)

Trend

−0.296

(−1.054)

−0.304

(−1.144)

\

Trend^2

0.013

(4.979***)

0.013

(5.293***)

0.010

(17.514***)

ar.L1

0.835

(8.184***)

0.889

(11.370***)

0.899

(11.362***)

ar.L2

0.089

(0.689)

\

\

ar.L5

−0.286

(−3.589***)

−0.271

(−3.674***)

−0.259

(−3.468***)

Sigma2

40.087

(6.135***)

40.440

(6.676***)

41.119

(6.828***)