Table 8 The model comparison.

From: Experimental study on DEM parameters calibration for organic fertilizer by the particle swarm optimization − backpropagation neural networks

Algorithm

BP

GA − BP

PSO − BP

RSM

R2

0.9204

0.9683

0.9758

0.9337

MAE

0.4691

0.3998

0.3631

1.2456

RMSE

0.3590

0.3173

0.282

0.5384

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