Table 2 Mean diameter (nm), polydispersity index (PI), zeta potential (ZP, mV), and incorporation efficiency (E) of empty and etofenprox-loaded phospholipid vesicles.

Empty liposomes

− 44 ± 2^a

–

Empty ethosomes

− 40 ± 1^a

–

Empty geraniol-ethosomes

− 53 ± 1^c

–

Liposomes

− 41 ± 6^ab

–

Ethosomes

− 47 ± 1^b

85 ± 3^a

Geraniol-ethosomes

− 42 ± 1^a

97 ± 4^b

Commercial formulation

–

–