Fig. 3

Integrated Metabolomic Profiling and Pathway Enrichment Analysis Reveals Contrasts in NHIC and HIC Groups. (A) displays the score plot of OPLS-DA analysis in positive ion mode for the NHIC and HIC metabolomic profiles; (B) presents the score plot of OPLS-DA analysis in negative ion mode for the NHIC and HIC metabolomic profiles; (C) VIP (Variable Importance in the Projection) plot for the positive ion mode analysis of the NHIC and HIC metabolomic profiles; (D) VIP (Variable Importance in the Projection) plot for the negative ion mode analysis of the NHIC and HIC metabolomic profiles; (F) and (E) Bubble plot of significantly enriched KEGG pathways for differential metabolites in the NHIC and HIC groups.(F) Positive ion mode; (E) Negative ion mode).