Table 1 Analytical results of trace metals in the study region for pre- and post-monsoon of 2023.

Parameters	WHO⁴⁷ Standard	Pre-monsoon 2023				Post-monsoon 2023
Parameters	WHO⁴⁷ Standard	MIN	MAX	AVG	STDV	MIN	MAX	AVG	STDV
Cu (mg/L)	1	0.001	0.054	0.015	0.015	0.001	0.061	0.017	0.018
Pb (mg/L)	0.01	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000
Zn (mg/L)	5	0.001	3.611	0.541	0.776	0.025	3.627	0.570	0.782
Ni (mg/L)	0.02	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000
Cd (mg/L)	0.003	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.006	0.002	0.001
Mn (mg/L)	0.1	0.001	2.132	0.193	0.405	0.001	2.164	0.199	0.413
Fe (mg/L)	0.3	0.001	2.896	0.324	0.628	0.001	3.012	0.365	0.682

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