Table 4 Key insights.

From: Fabrication and comprehensive experimental evaluation of surfactant-activated PEDOT:PSS/SnO2 thin films deposited via spin coating for advanced sensing applications

Name of the

samples

Crystallite size

(D) nm

Micro-strain

(ε)

Dislocation density (δ)

nm-2

Key structural

insights

SnO-1

12.2

0.0278

0.0067

Larger grains, fewer

defects, slower

surface reactivity

SnO-2

9.5

0.0197

0.0111

Balanced grain size

and defects, moderate

sensing potential

SnO-3

7.3

0.0132

0.0188

Increased defect

sites, faster gas

adsorption expected

SnO-4

6.1

0.0130

0.0269

Highly defective,

enhanced porosity,

fast response

potential

SnO-5

4.8

0.0149

0.0434

Smallest grains,

highest defect

density, optimized

for fastest response

and recovery

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