Table 9 FT-IR analysis of surfactant mixed sno2 nanoparticles annealed at 400 °C.
Wavenumber (cm-1) | Functional groups |
|---|---|
3423 | Broad O–H stretching vibration due to surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbed water molecules |
2920 | O–H stretching from residual bound water or possible organic moieties |
1627 | C–O symmetric stretching; may partially overlap with H2O bending vibrations |
1380 | Bending vibration related to residual water or NH₃ species |
1184 | C–O–C stretching vibrations, possibly from residual surfactant or carbon-containing groups |
637 | Sn–O–Sn bending vibrations, confirming the presence of SnO2 lattice |
