Table 1 General characteristics of the study population.
From: Association between perceived financial hardship and sleep duration among Korean adolescents
Variables | Sleep hours | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | ||||||||||||||||||
Total | < 7 h | 7 ~ 9 h | ≥ 9 h | P-value | Total | < 7 h | 7 ~ 9 h | ≥ 9 h | P-value | ||||||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||||
Total 95,816 | 49,590 | 100.0 | 13,616 | 29.5 | 9044 | 19.6 | 1497 | 3.2 | 46,226 | 100.0 | 15,589 | 33.7 | 5921 | 12.8 | 808 | 1.7 | |||
Perceived household financial difficulty due to COVID-19 | Not at all | 15,080 | 30.4 | 8369 | 55.5 | 5818 | 38.6 | 893 | 5.9 | < .0001 | 13,170 | 28.5 | 9173 | 69.7 | 3590 | 27.3 | 407 | 3.1 | < .0001 |
Not difficult | 19,319 | 39.0 | 11,160 | 57.8 | 7225 | 37.4 | 934 | 4.8 | 19,312 | 41.8 | 13,861 | 71.8 | 4951 | 25.6 | 500 | 2.6 | |||
Difficult | 12,129 | 24.5 | 7089 | 58.4 | 4385 | 36.2 | 655 | 5.4 | 11,476 | 24.8 | 8329 | 72.6 | 2804 | 24.4 | 343 | 3.0 | |||
Very difficult | 3062 | 6.2 | 1881 | 61.4 | 1003 | 32.8 | 178 | 5.8 | 2268 | 4.9 | 1734 | 76.5 | 459 | 20.2 | 75 | 3.3 | |||
Grade | Grade7 | 9004 | 18.2 | 2400 | 26.7 | 5313 | 59.0 | 1291 | 14.3 | < .0001 | 8659 | 18.7 | 4052 | 46.8 | 3973 | 45.9 | 634 | 7.3 | < .0001 |
Grade8 | 8796 | 17.7 | 3434 | 39.0 | 4649 | 52.9 | 713 | 8.1 | 8369 | 18.1 | 5035 | 60.2 | 3011 | 36.0 | 323 | 3.9 | |||
Grade9 | 8598 | 17.3 | 4312 | 50.2 | 3892 | 45.3 | 394 | 4.6 | 7800 | 16.9 | 5482 | 70.3 | 2139 | 27.4 | 179 | 2.3 | |||
Grade10 | 8015 | 16.2 | 6051 | 75.5 | 1873 | 23.4 | 91 | 1.1 | 7210 | 15.6 | 6110 | 84.7 | 1031 | 14.3 | 69 | 1.0 | |||
Grade11 | 7941 | 16.0 | 6376 | 80.3 | 1464 | 18.4 | 101 | 1.3 | 7313 | 15.8 | 6389 | 87.4 | 860 | 11.8 | 64 | 0.9 | |||
Grade12 | 7236 | 14.6 | 5926 | 81.9 | 1240 | 17.1 | 70 | 1.0 | 6875 | 14.9 | 6029 | 87.7 | 790 | 11.5 | 56 | 0.8 | |||
Academic level | Low | 15,803 | 31.9 | 9807 | 62.1 | 5266 | 33.3 | 730 | 4.6 | < .0001 | 14,430 | 31.2 | 10,676 | 74.0 | 3332 | 23.1 | 422 | 2.9 | < .0001 |
Middle | 14,749 | 29.7 | 8355 | 56.6 | 5531 | 37.5 | 863 | 5.9 | 14,658 | 31.7 | 10,477 | 71.5 | 3723 | 25.4 | 458 | 3.1 | |||
High | 19,038 | 38.4 | 10,337 | 54.3 | 7634 | 40.1 | 1067 | 5.6 | 17,138 | 37.1 | 11,944 | 69.7 | 4749 | 27.7 | 445 | 2.6 | |||
Region | Capital area | 24,950 | 50.3 | 14,874 | 59.6 | 8937 | 35.8 | 1139 | 4.6 | < .0001 | 22,911 | 49.6 | 17,088 | 74.6 | 5244 | 22.9 | 579 | 2.5 | < .0001 |
City area | 21,701 | 43.8 | 12,071 | 55.6 | 8312 | 38.3 | 1318 | 6.1 | 20,450 | 44.2 | 14,162 | 69.3 | 5640 | 27.6 | 648 | 3.2 | |||
Rural | 2939 | 5.9 | 1554 | 52.9 | 1182 | 40.2 | 203 | 6.9 | 2865 | 6.2 | 1847 | 64.5 | 920 | 32.1 | 98 | 3.4 | |||
Household income | Low | 5956 | 12.0 | 3826 | 64.2 | 1875 | 31.5 | 255 | 4.3 | < .0001 | 5463 | 11.8 | 4080 | 74.7 | 1222 | 22.4 | 161 | 2.9 | < .0001 |
Middle | 23,059 | 46.5 | 13,330 | 57.8 | 8586 | 37.2 | 1143 | 5.0 | 23,721 | 51.3 | 17,163 | 72.4 | 5934 | 25.0 | 624 | 2.6 | |||
High | 20,575 | 41.5 | 11,343 | 55.1 | 7970 | 38.7 | 1262 | 6.1 | 17,042 | 36.9 | 11,854 | 69.6 | 4648 | 27.3 | 540 | 3.2 | |||
Type of residence | With family | 47,162 | 95.1 | 26,784 | 56.8 | 17,778 | 37.7 | 2600 | 5.5 | < .0001 | 44,353 | 95.9 | 31,635 | 71.3 | 11,432 | 25.8 | 1286 | 2.9 | < .0001 |
Without family | 2428 | 4.9 | 1715 | 70.6 | 653 | 26.9 | 60 | 2.5 | 1873 | 4.1 | 1462 | 78.1 | 372 | 19.9 | 39 | 2.1 | |||
Depression | No | 39,427 | 79.5 | 21,885 | 55.5 | 15,287 | 38.8 | 2255 | 5.7 | < .0001 | 32,230 | 69.7 | 22,252 | 69.0 | 8945 | 27.8 | 1033 | 3.2 | < .0001 |
Yes | 10,163 | 20.5 | 6614 | 65.1 | 3144 | 30.9 | 405 | 4.0 | 13,996 | 30.3 | 10,845 | 77.5 | 2859 | 20.4 | 292 | 2.1 | |||
Activity | No | 13,471 | 27.2 | 8026 | 59.6 | 4699 | 34.9 | 746 | 5.5 | < .0001 | 20,353 | 44.0 | 15,354 | 75.4 | 4489 | 22.1 | 510 | 2.5 | < .0001 |
Yes | 36,119 | 72.8 | 20,473 | 56.7 | 13,732 | 38.0 | 1914 | 5.3 | 25,873 | 56.0 | 17,743 | 68.6 | 7315 | 28.3 | 815 | 3.2 | |||
Smoking | No | 42,743 | 86.2 | 23,335 | 54.6 | 16,905 | 39.6 | 2503 | 5.9 | < .0001 | 43,260 | 93.6 | 30,655 | 70.9 | 11,319 | 26.2 | 1286 | 3.0 | < .0001 |
Yes | 6847 | 13.8 | 5164 | 75.4 | 1526 | 22.3 | 157 | 2.3 | 2966 | 6.4 | 2442 | 82.3 | 485 | 16.4 | 39 | 1.3 | |||
Alcohol consumption | No | 31,457 | 63.4 | 16,107 | 51.2 | 13,288 | 42.2 | 2062 | 6.6 | < .0001 | 33,358 | 72.2 | 22,708 | 68.1 | 9546 | 28.6 | 1104 | 3.3 | < .0001 |
Yes | 18,133 | 36.6 | 12,392 | 68.3 | 5143 | 28.4 | 598 | 3.3 | 12,868 | 27.8 | 10,389 | 80.7 | 2258 | 17.5 | 221 | 1.7 | |||
Smartphone usage | No | 2186 | 4.4 | 1447 | 66.2 | 584 | 26.7 | 155 | 7.1 | < .0001 | 830 | 1.8 | 624 | 75.2 | 173 | 20.8 | 33 | 4.0 | < .0001 |
Yes (~ 2 h) | 12,139 | 24.5 | 6021 | 49.6 | 5170 | 42.6 | 948 | 7.8 | 6629 | 14.3 | 4116 | 62.1 | 2186 | 33.0 | 327 | 4.9 | |||
Yes (2 h more) | 35,265 | 71.1 | 21,031 | 59.6 | 12,677 | 35.9 | 1557 | 4.4 | 38,767 | 83.9 | 28,357 | 73.1 | 9445 | 24.4 | 965 | 2.5 | |||
Stress | No | 12,716 | 25.6 | 6089 | 47.9 | 5627 | 44.3 | 1000 | 7.9 | < .0001 | 6814 | 14.7 | 3992 | 58.6 | 2458 | 36.1 | 364 | 5.3 | < .0001 |
Yes | 36,874 | 74.4 | 22,410 | 60.8 | 12,804 | 34.7 | 1660 | 4.5 | 18,856 | 40.8 | 29,105 | 72.2 | 9346 | 24.7 | 961 | 3.1 | |||
Year | 2020 | 24,081 | 48.6 | 13,565 | 56.3 | 9020 | 37.5 | 1496 | 6.2 | < .0001 | 22,275 | 48.2 | 15,558 | 69.8 | 5911 | 26.5 | 806 | 3.6 | < .0001 |
2021 | 25,509 | 51.4 | 14,934 | 58.5 | 9411 | 36.9 | 1164 | 4.6 | 23,951 | 51.8 | 17,539 | 72.2 | 5893 | 24.7 | 519 | 3.1 | |||
