Fig. 1

Maps of the study area. The drainage sector of the North Greenland Ice Sheet as defined by ref.¹²¹ is shown in a, while the detailed map in b shows the track of underway measurements in focus for this study. The bathymetry is from the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Version 4.0¹²². PF corresponds to Petermann Fjord (81\(^{\circ }\)N, 61\(^{\circ }\)W) and SOF corresponds to Sherard Osborn Fjord (82\(^{\circ }\)N, 51\(^{\circ }\)W). The white dots show the locations of the CTD stations. The map was made using QGIS (Version 3.34.2 Prizren).