Table 2 Metal concentrations of the toothpaste samples obtained by AAS and compared with various regulatory frameworks.

From: Analysis of copper, zinc, arsenic, and lead content of over-the-counter toothpastes from india: an invitro study

TYPE

BRAND NAME

SAMPLE NO.

COPPER

ZINC

ARSENIC

LEAD

COMPARISON WITH REGULATORY LIMITS

Whitening

 

Toothpaste 1

0.016

0.060

0.54

0.029

Arsenic exceeds EU regulations

Toothpaste 3

0.009

0.98

0.24

0.035

Arsenic exceeds EU regulations

Herbal/ayurvedic/mint/lemon mint/

 

Toothpaste 5

0.034

0.055

0.14

Below LOD

Compliant

 

Toothpaste 8

0.007

1.85

0.095

0.054

Compliant

 

Toothpaste 9

0.031

0.055

0.032

0.004

Compliant

 

Toothpaste 13

0.034

2.50

0.16

Below LOD

Compliant

 

Toothpaste 15

0.005

0.018

0.015

Below LOD

Compliant

 

Toothpaste 16

0.029

0.069

Below LOD

0.024

Compliant

 

Toothpaste 17

0.0036

0.023

0.11

0.040

Compliant

 

Toothpaste 20

0.027

0.11

0.028

0.009

Compliant

Anti- bacterial/germ fighting

 

Toothpaste 2

0.062

0.042

0.18

Below LOD

Compliant

Toothpaste 19

0.0032

2.30

0.10

0.023

Compliant

Kids

 

Toothpaste 4

0.006

0.034

0.27

0.030

Arsenic exceeds EU regulations

Anti-cavity

 

Toothpaste 6

0.038

0.045

0.16

Below LOD

Compliant

Salt (active salt/natural salt)

 

Toothpaste 11

0.029

0.095

0.053

0.001

Compliant

Toothpaste 12

0.029

0.057

0.081

0.003

Compliant

Everyday Protection

 

Toothpaste 10

0.0056

0.032

0.16

0.019

Compliant

Calcium

 

Toothpaste 7

0.047

0.048

0.11

Below LOD

Compliant

Cooling

 

Toothpaste 14

0.004

0.041

0.036

0.042

Compliant

Charcoal

 

Toothpaste 18

0.002

7.42

0.068

0.039

Compliant

  1. The readings obtained below the instrument’s Limit of Detection (LOD) are noted as “below LOD.” All readings are rounded off for analytical precision. Limit of Detection (LOD) for copper = 0.002 mg/L, Zinc = 0.005 mg/L, Lead = 0.0005 mg/L and Arsenic = 0.001 mg/L.
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