Table 1 Baseline characteristics and blood pressure parameters of patients with favorable or unfavorable outcomes after 3 months for endovascular treatment of acute large artery occlusive ischemic stroke.

From: Pulse pressure after thrombectomy predicts functional outcomes and mortality in acute ischemic stroke with large artery occlusion

Variables

Total patients (n = 587)

Favorable prognosis (n = 261)

Unfavorable prognosis (n = 326)

P

Age, Mean ± SD

69.02 ± 13.30

64.69 ± 13.45

72.48 ± 12.13

< 0.001

BMI, Mean ± SD

23.40 ± 3.42

23.66 ± 3.34

23.19 ± 3.46

0.099

Male, n (%)

333 (56.73)

160 (61.30)

173 (53.07)

0.045

Age higher than 80 years, n (%)

132 (22.49)

27 (10.34)

105 (32.21)

< 0.001

Procedural variables

0.924

 OTA, Mean ± SD

311.28 ± 219.38

305.06 ± 200.81

316.33 ± 233.58

0.546

 OTI, Mean ± SD

272.48 ± 229.76

263.38 ± 217.23

279.82 ± 239.47

0.397

 ITP, Mean ± SD

118.76 ± 96.91

110.08 ± 59.63

125.73 ± 118.31

0.062

 PTR, Mean ± SD

82.32 ± 66.30

73.74 ± 42.81

89.21 ± 79.75

0.007

 OTR, Mean ± SD

452.13 ± 229.74

434.95 ± 216.40

465.93 ± 239.39

0.119

 OTP, Mean ± SD

370.20 ± 218.37

361.75 ± 210.97

376.98 ± 224.25

0.421

Operation history, n (%)

196 (33.39)

83 (31.80)

113 (34.66)

0.465

Tirofiban treatment, n (%)

103 (17.55)

52 (19.92)

51 (15.64)

0.176

Stent pass attempts > 3, n (%)

92 (15.67)

32 (12.26)

60 (18.40)

0.042

Medical history

 CIA, n (%)

130 (22.15)

52 (19.92)

78 (23.93)

0.246

 Hyperlipemia, n (%)

22 (3.75)

10 (3.83)

12 (3.68)

0.924

 Hypertension, n (%)

378 (64.40)

145 (55.56)

233 (71.47)

< 0.001

 CHD, n (%)

69 (11.75)

22 (8.43)

47 (14.42)

0.025

 Diabetes, n (%)

110 (18.74)

29 (11.11)

81 (24.85)

< 0.001

 Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

219 (37.31)

82 (31.42)

137 (42.02)

0.008

 Pre-antiplatelet, n (%)

70 (11.93)

35 (13.41)

35 (10.74)

0.321

 Pre-anticoagulation, n (%)

81 (13.80)

34 (13.03)

47 (14.42)

0.627

Treatment variable

 Rescue therapy#, n (%)

105 (17.89)

46 (17.62)

59 (18.10)

0.882

 Distal escape, n (%)

42 (7.16)

20 (7.66)

22 (6.75)

0.669

 IVT, n (%)

344 (58.60)

159 (60.92)

185 (56.75)

0.308

 Successful recanalization (mTICI = 2B/3), n (%)

544 (92.67)

250 (95.79)

294 (90.18)

0.01

 General anesthesia, n (%)

303 (51.62)

120 (45.98)

183 (56.13)

0.014

Stroke characteristics

mRS at admission, M (Q1, Q3)

4.00 (3.00, 5.00)

3.00 (2.00, 4.00)

5.00 (5.00, 5.00)

< 0.001

 NHISS > 14, n (%)

384 (65.42)

140 (53.64)

244 (74.85)

< 0.001

 Multistage thrombus, n (%)

98 (16.70)

39 (14.94)

59 (18.10)

0.308

TOAST classification, n (%)

0.524

 LAA

173 (45.77)

94 (47.72)

79 (43.65)

 

 CE

179 (47.35)

88 (44.67)

91 (50.28)

 

 Others or undetermined etiology

26 (6.88)

15 (7.61)

11 (6.08)

 

Site of occlusion, n (%)

< 0.001

 ICA

104 (17.72)

43 (16.48)

61 (18.71)

 

 MCA

313 (53.32)

162 (62.07)

151 (46.32)

 

 ICA-MCA

58 (9.88)

22 (8.43)

36 (11.04)

 

 BA/VA

76 (12.95)

17 (6.51)

59 (18.10)

 

 ACOA/PCoA

36 (6.13)

17 (6.51)

19 (5.83)

 

Hospitalization complications

 HT, n (%)

191 (32.54)

48 (18.39)

143 (43.87)

< 0.001

 sICH, n (%)

120 (20.44)

3 (1.15)

117 (35.89)

< 0.001

 Pulmonary infection, n (%)

276 (47.02)

99 (37.93)

177 (54.29)

< 0.001

 Liver dysfunction, n (%)

73 (12.44)

30 (11.49)

43 (13.19)

0.536

 Respiratory failure, n (%)

53 (9.03)

7 (2.68)

46 (14.11)

< 0.001

Blood pressure variables

 Baseline SBP, M (Q1, Q3)

145.00 (128.00, 162.00)

142.00 (124.00, 159.00)

148.00 (130.00, 165.00)

0.009

 Baseline DBP, M (Q1, Q3)

81.00 (72.00, 91.00)

80.00 (72.00, 90.00)

82.00 (71.00, 92.00)

0.672

 Baseline PP, M (Q1, Q3)

63.00 (49.00, 78.00)

60.00 (46.00, 75.00)

64.50 (52.00, 79.75)

0.003

 Mean SBP, M (Q1, Q3)

126.92 (118.58, 135.02)

124.17 (115.83, 133.50)

128.77 (121.36, 136.30)

< 0.001

 Mean DBP, M (Q1, Q3)

68.04 (62.62, 74.15)

68.75 (63.33, 75.62)

67.82 (62.04, 72.65)

0.013

 Mean PP, M (Q1, Q3)

57.45 (49.60, 66.50)

53.08 (46.88, 61.29)

61.12 (53.22, 69.43)

< 0.001

 Maximum SBP, M (Q1, Q3)

155.00 (144.00, 166.00)

151.00 (139.00, 161.00)

158.00 (150.00, 169.00)

< 0.001

 Minimun SBP, M (Q1, Q3)

103.00 (96.00, 111.00)

102.00 (95.00, 110.00)

104.00 (96.00, 113.00)

0.202

 Maximum DBP, M (Q1, Q3)

88.00 (81.00, 98.00)

88.00 (81.00, 98.00)

88.00 (80.00, 98.00)

0.804

 Minimun DBP, M (Q1, Q3)

53.00 (47.00, 58.00)

53.00 (49.00, 60.00)

52.00 (46.00, 57.00)

0.002

 SBP-DMM, M (Q1, Q3)

50.00 (40.00, 62.00)

46.00 (37.00, 58.00)

53.00 (43.00, 65.00)

< 0.001

 DBP-DMM, M (Q1, Q3)

34.00 (29.00, 42.50)

33.00 (28.00, 41.00)

35.00 (29.00, 43.75)

0.024

  1. CHD, Coronary heart disease; MRS, Modified Rankin Scale; ICA, Internal carotid artery; MCA, Middle cerebral artery, PCoA, posterior communicating artery; ACoA, anterior communicating artery; VA, vertebral artery; BA, basilar artery; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TPR, time from puncture to reperfusion; OTP, time from onset to groin puncture; OTR, time from onset to reperfusion; OTA, time from Onset to admission; OTI, time from Onset to image; ITP, time from image to puncture; LAA, large artery atherosclerosis; CE, cardioembolism; IVT, intravenous thrombolysis; mTICI, modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction; HT, hemorrhagic transformation; sICH, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; DMM, difference between maximum and minimum.
  2. Qualitative variable are n (%); quantitative variables are mean ± SD or M (Q1, Q3). SD: standard deviation, M: Median, Q1: 1st Quartile, Q3: 3st Quartile. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001.
  3. #Rescue therapy included balloon angioplasty and permanent stenting.
  4. Significant values are in bold.
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