Table 1 Table of notations.

From: Dynamic weight clustered federated learning for IoT DDoS attack detection

FL components

\(N\)

Number of IoT device in the FL system

\({\text{D}}_{\text{i}},|{\text{D}}_{\text{i}}|\)

The dataset and its size on IoT device i

\({\upxi }_{\text{k}}\)

Data points consist of pair of features and response

\(\text{l}({\upphi }_{\text{c}},{\text{D}}_{\text{i}})\)

loss function that measures the performance of the cluster centroid \({\upphi }_{\text{c}}\) on the local data \({\text{D}}_{\text{i}}\)

\({\upnu }_{\text{i}}(\text{t})\)

The learning rate for Client i in Iteration t

\(\text{T}\)

Number of local update steps

Clustering components

\(C\)

Number of clusters

\({\phi }_{\text{i}}\)

Centroid or the average model parameters for cluster \(C\)

\({s}_{\text{i}}{,}_{\text{k}}\in {\mathbb{R}}^{\text{n}*\text{c}}\)

Binary assignment variable indicating whether client \(i\) is assigned to cluster \(C\), where \({s}_{\text{i}}{,}_{c}=1\) if \(\text{i}\in \text{C}\) else \({s}_{\text{i},\text{c}}=0\)

\({||\upomega }_{\text{i}}- {\phi }_{\text{i}}|{\left. \right|}_{2}^{2}\)

This represents the squared Euclidean distance between the model parameters of IoT device \(i\) and the centroid of cluster \({\upphi }_{c}\)

\({\beta }_{\text{i}}\)

The importance weight of IoT device i in Cluster c and \({\sum }_{\text{i}\in \text{k}}{\beta }_{\text{i}}=1\)