Table 4 Thermodynamic parameters for dye adsorption on different adsorbents.

From: Valorizing alum sludge waste augmented ferrite as a sustainable magnetic pathway for treating Indigo carmine effluent

Adsorbent

T (K)

log KD

ΔG (K/mol)

ΔH (KJ/mol)

ΔS (J/mol K)

F-Zn

298

0.38

− 2.19

− 9.16

− 22.81

313

0.33

− 1.97

323

0.41

− 2.55

333

0.16

− 0.99

F-Zn/AS400(1:1)

298

0.15

− 0.87

− 9.64

− 28.77

313

0.13

− 0.75

323

0.14

− 0.89

333

− 0.06

0.41

F-Zn/AS400(2:1)

298

0.34

− 1.95

− 12.87

− 36.96

313

0.16

− 0.98

323

0.2

− 1.24

333

0.08

− 0.49

F-Zn/AS400(1:2)

298

− 0.03

0.14

− 21.24

− 71.21

313

− 0.19

1.13

323

− 0.15

0.91

333

− 0.48

3.08

AS400

298

− 0.43

2.44

− 8.58

− 36.81

313

-0.51

3.05

323

-0.47

2.88

333

-0.62

3.96