Table 3 Kappa free light chains (KFLC) and neurofilament light chain (NFL).

From: Pilot study of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers reveals inflammatory changes in patients with paranoid schizophrenia

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results

Schizophrenia (n = 35)

Non-inflammatory controls (n = 40)

Inflammatory controls (n = 35)

KFLC

CSF KFLC concentration [mg/l], mean (SD)

0.2 (0.16)

0.2 (0.11)

p = 0.260

6.93 (8.55)

p < 0.001

Serum KFLC concentration [mg/l], mean (SD)

13.1 (5.54)

15.9 (5.49)

p = 0.008

11.3 (4.45)

p = 0.164

Intrathecal fraction (IF) > 0% according to Reiber´s diagram for KFLC, n (%)

7 (20%)

0

p = 0.003

35 (100%)

p = 0.003

Intrathecal KFLC fraction according to Reiber´s diagram for KFLC [%], mean (SD)

33 (18.29)

0

p < 0.001

90.7 (9.08)

p < 0.001

Intrathecally synthesized KFLC (KFLCLoc) [mg/l], mean (SD)

0.065 (0.13)

0.024 (0.04)

p = 0.028

6.814 (8.56)

p < 0.001

NFL

CSF NFL concentration [pg/ml], mean (SD)

399 (220)

733 (1380)

p = 0.119

1984 (2557)

p < 0.001

Serum NFL concentration [pg/ml], mean (SD)

20 (25)

68 (210)

p = 0.777

27 (17)

p = 0.005

  1. CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; KFLC = kappa free light chains; NFL = neurofilament light chain; SD = standard deviation. The presented p-values reflect the comparison between the corresponding control group (inflammatory or non-inflammatory) and individuals with schizophrenia.
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