Table 1. Quinoa genotypes used in the research and some of their properties.
Genotype | Source | Properties | Stress-related Traits |
|---|---|---|---|
Titicaca | Denmark | Early variety, whitish-yellow seed color | High drought and salinity tolerance; performs reliably in temperate to semi-arid conditions48 |
Rainbow | USA | Mid-late maturation variety, white seed color | Moderate drought tolerance with effective stomatal regulation under water deficit49 |
Moqu Arrochilla | Peru | Early variety, whitish seed color | Andean landrace highly adapted to arid conditions; shows deep root development and strong drought resilience24 |
Cherry Vanilla | USA | Mid-late maturation variety, white seed color | It is a drought-tolerant sea-level variety; although it exhibited some yield loss under the prolonged dry summer conditions of Pullman, WA, it demonstrated relatively good tolerance compared to other sea-level genotypes24 |
China | China | Mid-late maturation population, brown seed color | Originally from humid temperate regions; Chinese experiments using deficit irrigation show quinoa’s drought resistance, though China genotype performs relatively weaker in arid conditions50 |
White | Peru | Late population, white seed color | Adapted to harsh Andean climates; known for strong drought resistance and effective performance in stress-prone soils51 |
