Table 5 Factors associated with the flood impact on livelihood and mental health (Simple regression analysis).

From: Livelihood disruption and psychological distress following the 2024 flash flood in Bangladesh

Features

Model Ia

Model IIb

Livelihood affected

Psychological Distress

 

(OR# (95% CI))

Standard Error

z value

(β## (95% CI))

Standard Error

t value

Gender

      

Male

2.49 (1.31, 4.63)**

0.31

2.87

0.20 (−0.86, 1.27)

0.54

0.37

Female

Reference

Reference

Age group (year)

      

18–25

Reference

Reference

26–35

0.52 (0.11, 1.71)

0.66

−0.97

2.77 (0.97, 4.57)**

0.91

3.03

36–45

0.69 (0.15, 2.23)

0.65

−0.55

3.54 (1.78, 5.30)***

0.89

3.94

46–55

0.75 (0.16, 2.43)

0.65

−0.43

3.26 (1.50, 5.02)***

0.89

3.63

> 55

1.48 (0.32, 4.98)

0.67

0.59

2.88 (1.11, 4.65)**

0.90

3.19

Marital status

      

Married

Reference

Reference

Unmarried

0.67 (0.26, 1.93)

0.49

−0.78

−3.14 (−4.69, - −1.60)***

0.78

−3.99

Education

      

Illiterate

Reference

Reference

Non-Secondary School Certificate

1.85 (0.93, 3.47)**

0.33

1.86

−1.08 (−1.99, −0.17)**

0.46

−2.34

SSC (Secondary School Certificate)

0.75 (0.37, 1.42)

0.33

−0.84

−1.40 (−2.27, −0.50)**

0.49

−2.86

More than SSC

0.17 (0.08, 0.36)***

0.37

−4.64

−2.11 (−2.37, −0.44)***

0.56

−3.71

Occupation

      

Agro-fishery

Reference

Reference

Business

0.40 (0.26, 0.61)***

0.21

−4.23

−0.19 (−0.80, 0.41)

0.31

−0.63

Wage Labor

2.14 (1.17, 4.19)*

0.32

2.35

−0.34 (−0.97, 0.28)

0.32

−1.06

Employee

0.10 (0.06, 0.17)***

0.24

−9.12

−0.71 (−1.46, 0.02)

0.37

−1.90

Monthly Income (BDT)

      

Less than 15,000 (less than 123 USD)

Reference

Reference

15,000–29,999 (around 123 USD – 247 USD)

1.38 (0.98, 1.96)

0.17

1.86

0.7 (0.25, 1.20)**

0.24

2.99

30,000–49,999 (around 247 USD – 412 USD)

0.03 (0.01, 0.09)***

0.54

−6.02

−0.66 (−1.86, 0.54)

0.61

−1.07

Upazila

      

Chhagalnaiya

Reference

Reference

Sonagazi

17.77 (9.47, 37.15)***

0.34

8.33

1.46 (0.91, 2.00)***

0.27

5.28

Fulgazi

1.71 (1.20, 2.44)**

0.18

2.97

− 1.60 (−2.15, −1.06)***

0.27

−5.83

Living with Family

      

Yes

4.91 (1.55, 16.76)**

0.59

2.69

4.23 (2.24, 6.21)***

1.01

4.18

No

Reference

Reference

Housing Type

      

Kacha

Reference

Reference

Pucca

0.23 (0.15, 0.35)***

0.21

−6.76

−0.86 (−1.53, −0.19)*

0.34

−2.54

Semi-pucca

0.53 (0.36, 0.77)**

0.19

−3.25

−0.07 (−0.61, 0.46)

0.27

−0.26

Vulnerable Family Member

      

Yes

1.89 (1.24, 2.85)**

0.20

3.05

−0.64 (−1.30, 0.02)

0.33

−1.89

No

Reference

Reference

Chronic Disease

      

No

10.94 (5.54, 23.21)***

0.36

6.61

−3.90 (−4.96, −2.84)***

0.54

−7.23

Maybe

Reference

Reference

Yes

35.22 (8.64, 242.99)***

0.81

4.37

−4.03 (−5.68, −2.38)**

0.84

−4.79

Previous flood experience before the recent flood

      

No

Reference

Reference

Yes

0.83 (0.58, 1.22)

0.19

−0.91

−1.72 (−2.27, −1.16)***

0.28

−6.10

Did you get any kind of socioeconomic support in the last few days during the flood?

      

No

Reference

Reference

Yes

1.75 (1.25, 2.47)**

0.17

3.26

−0.93 (−1.40, −0.45)***

0.24

−3.86

Did you receive an early warning regarding the flood?

      

Yes

0.04 (0.00, 0.15)***

0.76

−4.14

5.81 (4.06, 7.56)***

0.89

6.51

No

Reference

Reference

How would you rate the early warning mechanism for floods in your locality?

      

Insufficient

Reference

Reference

No Early Warning Dissemination Mechanism at All

0.98 (0.49, 1.81)

0.32

−0.05

2.58 (1.65, 3.50)***

0.46

5.49

Did you have access to safe drinking water during the flood?

      

Yes

0.23 (0.14, 0.40)***

0.26

−5.46

−1.72 (−2.59, −0.84)***

0.44

−3.86

No

Reference

Reference

Did you face any type of food scarcity to provide food for your family during the recent flood?

      

No

Reference

Reference

Yes

4.35 (2.92, 6.49)***

0.20

7.22

−0.21 (−0.8, 0.45)

0.34

−0.62

Did you evacuate to the shelter during the flood?

      

No

Reference

Reference

Yes

3.35 (2.33, 4.80)***

0.18

6.56

0.27 (−0.30, 0.86)

0.30

0.93

Have you been injured due to the flood?

      

Yes

0.22 (0.07, 0.59)**

0.51

−2.96

−4.69 (−6.40, −2.98)***

0.87

−5.39

No

Reference

Reference

Have you got any diseases due to the flood?

      

Yes

1.07 (0.61, 1.96)

0.29

0.23

−0.93 (−1.77, −0.09)*

0.42

−2.19

No

Reference

Reference

Family Member Injured During 2024 Flood

      

Yes

1.07 (0.59, 2.05)

0.31

0.23

−4.23 (−5.07, −3.39)***

0.42

−9.87

No

Reference

Reference

Family Member Experienced Disease During 2024 Flood

      

Yes

1.80 (1.27, 2.59)**

0.18

3.25

0.42 (−0.06, 0.91)

0.24

1.70

No

Reference

Reference

  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; OR# = Odds Ratio; β## = Beta (Coefficient). The beta coefficient indicates how much the outcome variable varies for every one-unit variation in the predictor variable (Swinscow & Campbell, 2002). CI = Confidence Interval. Model Ia = Simple logistic regression analysis, Model IIb = Simple linear regression analysis.
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