Table 2 Comparison of the outcome indicators before intervention.

PLI

1.75 (1.5, 2.08)

1.64 ± 0.41

− 0.961^a

GOHAI

17.69 ± 5.18

16.72 ± 4.52

1.020^b

DI-S

1.77 ± 0.48

1.75 ± 0.43

0.219^b

CI-S

1.00 (0.67, 1.33)

0.83 (0.67, 1.17)

− 0.782^a

Total score of knowledge, attitude, and behavior

85.43 ± 15.39

83.54 ± 14.77

0.645^b

Knowledge dimension score

39.00 (32.00,42.00)

37.30 ± 6.74

− 1.046^a

Attitude dimension score

21.98 ± 4.55

22.19 ± 3.82

− 0.250^b

Behavior dimension score

24.93 ± 5.45

24.06 ± 6.03

0.780^b