Fig. 1

Location and excavation details of the Arene Candide Cave and AC12 specimen. (a) Map of Northern Italy with the location of Arene Candide site; (b) The area excavated in the 1940s, later called “Epigravettian necropolis”. The AC12 cranium (labelled in a larger font size) and AC12 post-cranial elements (indicated within the red ellipse), along with the AC15 skeleton, are shown in figure. The colours used are explain in the legend; (c,d) Historical photographs from the original excavation. In (c), the cranium (coloured in brown) is located beneath the stones structure (coloured in yellow). In (d), the cranium has been removed, and the stones are still in place. The partial excavated AC15 skeleton is clearly visible in the top of right corner; (e,f) Lateral (left and right) view of AC12 cranium as it is currently preserved in the Museum of Anthropology in Florence.