Table 1 Duration parameters (± SE) of pre-adult and adult stages of Amblyseius swirskii fed with immature stages of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae as well as pollen grains of Bird-of-paradise and the Damask rose, alone/combined with the spider mite.

Egg (day)

1.49 ± 0.07^a

1.548 ± 0.077^a

1.44 ± 0.07^a

1.478 ± 0.074^a

2.185±0.091^b

Larva (day)

1.647 ± 0.067^a

1.561 ± 0.098^a

1.612 ± 0.07^a

1.511 ± 0.074^a

1.148±0.068^b

Protonymph (day)

1.5 ± 0.07^c

1.685 ± 0.075^c

2.063 ± 0.062^a

1.488 ± 0.076^c

1.852±0.101^b

Deutonymph (day)

2.401 ± 0.073^a

2.027 ± 0.097^bc

2.021 ± 0.08^c

2.238 ± 0.074^ab

1.852±0.101^d

Pre-adult duration (day)

7.045 ± 0.121^ab

6.811 ± 0.107^bc

7.149 ± 0.125^a

6.714 ± 0.113^c

7.112±0.212^a

Pre-adult survival rate

0.882 ± 0.045^a

0.881 ± 0.05^a

0.94 ± 0.034^a

0.913 ± 0.041^a

1^a

Adult (day)

32.60 ± 0.783^d

41.51 ± 0.819^c

62.38 ± 1.037^b

71.45 ± 0.889^a

30.848±1.76^d

Total longevity (day)

39.65 ± 0.798^d

48.32 ± 0.796^c

69.53 ± 1.033^b

78.16 ± 0.994^a

37.96±1.747^d