Table 15 Method comparison at equivalent accuracy (\(\sim 10^{-2}\) error).

From: A numerical approach to fractional Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential problems using shifted Chebyshev spectral collocation

Method

\({\mathcal {M}}\)

Time (s)

Memory (MB)

FLOPs

Spectral collocation

7

0.213

62.3

\(2.1 \times 10^6\)

Finite difference method

21

0.887

92.7

\(9.4 \times 10^6\)

Trapezoidal rule

18

0.645

81.2

\(7.2 \times 10^6\)

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