Fig. 3

Identification and enrichment analysis of candidate genes. (A) Differential expression analysis of PMOP vs Control and PD vs Control groups, yielding 1244 and 1237 DEGs, respectively, with 63 overlapping DEGs. (B) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping DEGs. (C) Protein–protein interaction network of overlapping DEGs constructed using STRING database. (D) Venn diagrams showing the overlap of upregulated and downregulated DEG between PMOP and PD datasets, and between DEGs and Rho-related genes, identifying 12 candidate genes.