Fig. 13

Cumulative frequency plot for all studied DESs. (a) ANN + GC and ML + GC methods, (b) Corr_1, Corr_2, Corr_3, Corr_4, and Corr_5 refer to H. Peyrovedin et al.²⁴, Haghbakhsh et al.’s model⁷², Hekayati and Esmaeilzadeh’s model⁷¹, Gardas and Coutinho’s model⁷³, and Singh and Singh’s model⁷⁰, respectively.