Fig. 1
From: Antibiotic carry over is a confounding factor for cell-based antimicrobial research applications
CMR collected from a wide range of cell types showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus NCTC 6571, but not the penicillin-resistant clinical isolate S. aureus 1061 A. (A) Growth of S. aureus NCTC 6571, (B) and S. aureus 1061 A was determined in the presence of the CMR of nine cell lines and the basal (unconditioned) serum and antibiotic-free medium (BM−). (C-F) SEM images of 24 h biomass of S. aureus NCTC 6571 (C) and S. aureus 1061 A (D) in the presence of unconditioned BM−, or S. aureus NCTC 6571 (E) or S. aureus 1061 A (F) in 50% v/v WIh CMR. (G) Protein secretion into the bacterial supernatant was measured to determine potential loss of bacterial cell wall integrity and leakage of protein from the bacterial cells into the surrounding supernatant. All bars show mean values and error bars represent standard deviation, N = 3. Statistical significance was measured by Tukey test following one-way ANOVA (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). SEM images are representative, scale bar = 10 µM.
