Fig. 2

Effect of Spirulina Extract (SPE) application on NaCl-induced inhibition of pigment biosynthesis in wheat seedlings, including chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), and carotenoid (Cart) content. Treatment groups include CK (Control) and SPE (Spirulina Extract) under salt stress (NaCl). Results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4 replicates), with different letters indicating significant differences according to Tukey’s test at P < 0.05.