Fig. 5
Interannual fluctuation of regime frequency and link to large-scale teleconnection. Top row: Frequency of the number of days in each regime during winter, see Eq. 14. Second row: Regimes 2 and 4 frequency and ENSO showing the Niño 3.4 index with 1-yr lag (left) and (opposite) Niño 3.4 (right). Third row: Regimes 2 and 3 frequency and detrended PDO index filtered using the first three IMFs. Fourth row: Regimes 2 and 3 frequency and smoothed PDO index by removing the first (short time-scale) IMF. When plotted together with regime 2 frequency, the PDO index is multiplied by \(-1\). Correlation coefficients of the regime frequency with the (non-inverted) indices are also indicated. The year in the x-axis refers to that of January.
