Table 2 Clinical features of the validation cohort.
Variables | Control cohort (n = 86) | NVCFs cohort (n = 14) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex, n (%) | > 0.999 | ||
Male | 13.0 (15.1%) | 2.0 (14.3%) | |
Female | 73.0 (84.9%) | 12.0 (85.7%) | |
Age (years) | 75.15 ± 8.85 | 79.14 ± 9.02 | 0.142 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.54 ± 3.95 | 20.89 ± 3.46 | 0.122 |
BMD | − 2.55 ± 1.27 | − 3.06 ± 1.24 | 0.174 |
History of hypertension, n (%) | 0.799 | ||
Yes | 40.0 (46.5%) | 6.0 (42.9%) | |
No | 46.0 (53.5%) | 8.0 (57.1%) | |
History of diabetes, n (%) | > 0.999 | ||
Yes | 17.0 (19.8%) | 3.0 (21.4%) | |
No | 69.0 (80.2%) | 11.0 (78.6%) | |
Augmentation segment, n (%) | 0.009 | ||
T5–7 | 1.0 (1.2%) | 2.0 (14.3%) | |
T8–12 | 66.0 (76.7%) | 12.0 (85.7%) | |
L1–5 | 19.0 (22.1%) | 0.0 (0.0%) | |
Bone cement dosage (ml) | 4.82 ± 1.29 | 5.04 ± 0.77 | 0.395 |
Bone cement leakage, n (%) | 0.051 | ||
Yes | 20.0 (23.3%) | 7.0 (50.0%) | |
No | 66.0 (76.7%) | 7.0 (50.0%) | |
Bone cement dispersion, n (%) | > 0.999 | ||
Yes | 84.0 (97.7%) | 14.0 (100.0%) | |
No | 2.0 (2.3%) | 0.0 (0.0%) | |
Bone cement distribution, n (%) | 0.154 | ||
Type I | 6.0 (7.0%) | 1.0 (7.1%) | |
Type II | 18.0 (20.9%) | 2.0 (14.3%) | |
Type III | 48.0 (55.8%) | 5.0 (35.7%) | |
Type VI | 14.0 (16.3%) | 6.0 (42.9%) | |
Contact with the endplates, n (%) | 0.367 | ||
Yes | 2.0 (2.3%) | 1.0 (7.1%) | |
No | 84.0 (97.7%) | 13.0 (92.9%) | |
Anti-osteoporotic treatment, n (%) | 0.249 | ||
Yes | 45.0 (52.3%) | 5.0 (35.7%) | |
No | 41.0 (47.7%) | 9.0 (64.3%) | |
Scoliosis, n (%) | 0.981 | ||
Yes | 31.0 (36.0%) | 5.0 (35.7%) | |
No | 55.0 (64.0%) | 9.0 (64.3%) | |
Pre-op AVH (mm) | 19.23 ± 6.06 | 15.96 ± 5.32 | 0.050 |
Post-op AVH (mm) | 22.46 ± 5.82 | 21.19 ± 4.79 | 0.383 |
AVHRR, n(%) | 13.03 ± 13.16 | 21.15 ± 8.51 | 0.006 |
Pre-op Cobb angle (°) | 7.83 ± 6.92 | 7.21 ± 6.66 | 0.757 |
Post-op Cobb angle (°) | 7.29 ± 6.69 | 6.64 ± 6.30 | 0.730 |
Cobb angle restoration (%) | 31.68 ± 26.82 | 44.44 ± 26.22 | 0.111 |
