Table 14 Comprehensive performance evaluation of ANFIS and hybrid variants in NASDAQ index forecasting, demonstrating ANFIS-ChHHO’s dominant performance across all metrics.

From: Optimizing adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model based Chaotic Harris Hawks algorithm for stock prediction

 

ANFIS

ANFIS-ChHHO

ANFIS-HHO

ANFIS-PSO

ANFIS-GWO

RMSE

3.0418

2.1893

3.0363

3.0288

2.8068

MAE

1.84683

1.7183

1.9148

1.8322

1.8723

SD

2.03684

2.05888

3.0376

3.0242

2.8082

Theil’s U

0.0001872

0.000142

0.0001672

0.000176

0.000155

MARE

0.0027003

0.00019011

0.00021203

0.00020295

0.00020752

MSRE

1.2358e-7

8.2808e-8

1.9621e-7

1.1359e-7

9.755e-6

RMSRE

0.00033702

0.00028776

0.00033716

0.00032602

0.00031233

RMSPE

0.033702

0.028776

0.033716

0.032602

0.031233

  1. Bold indicates the best results.
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