Table 3 Baseline characteristics of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus classified by fracture outcomes.

From: FGF21 is a novel biomarker to predict fragility fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

 

Any fractures

(N = 21)

No fracture

(N = 182)

P-value

Age (years)

68.1 ± 9.0

64.6 ± 8.5

0.081

Sex, n (% female)

17 (81.0)

96 (52.8)

0.014

Smoking, n (%)

0 (0.0)

6 (3.3)

0.398

BMI (g/cm2)

26.6 ± 4.6

27.5 ± 5.8

0.459

 BMI ≥ 25, n (%)

12 (57.1)

120 (65.9)

0.424

WC (cm)

94.1 ± 13.2

95.3 ± 13.2

0.687

 Central obesity*, n (%)

18 (85.7)

156 (85.7)

1.000

SBP (mmHg)

138.5 ± 23.6

140.5 ± 19.1

0.667

DBP (mmHg)

73.6 ± 10.2

74.4 ± 9.7

0.720

Metabolic syndrome, n (%)

21 (100.0)

179 (98.4)

1.000

CVD, n (%)

3 (14.3)

71 (39.0)

0.026

TUG (seconds)

13.2 ± 2.4

13.2 ± 3.8

0.994

Slow TUG† (%)

62.5

59.8

1.000

BMI-based FRAX-H (%)

1.7 ± 1.3

2.0 ± 2.6

0.355

BMI-based FRAX-M (%)

4.4 ± 2.0

5.4 ± 4.1

0.764

FPG (mg/dL)

132.7 ± 67.6

139.1 ± 55.5

0.345

HbA1c (%)

7.7 ± 1.5

7.6 ± 1.7

0.786

TG (mg/dL)

118.7 ± 62.2

132.6 ± 72.4

0.351

HDL-C (mg/dL)

54.0 ± 10.9

47.7 ± 15.8

0.077

LDL-C (mg/dL)

84.2 ± 27.9

96.4 ± 37.6

0.154

FGF21# (pg/mL)

213.6 (164.7-276.9)

276.4 (182.7-485.5)

0.028

GFR (mL/min)

82.5 ± 12.4

79.5 ± 15.3

0.393

AST (U/L)

19.6 ± 9.1

25.4 ± 17.0

0.047

ALT (U/L)

21.1 ± 14.2

24.8 ± 21.4

0.398

ALP (U/L)

76.1 ± 14.2

75.4 ± 30.2

0.272

Previous fractures, n (%)

2 (9.5)

13 (7.1)

0.653#

Drug

 Thiazolidinedione, n (%)

3 (14.29)

26 (14.29)

1.000

 Insulin, n (%)

14 (66.67)

81 (44.51)

0.054

 Sulfonylureas, n (%)

6 (28.57)

80 (43.96)

0.177

 Beta-blockers, n (%)

5 (23.81)

93 (51.10)

0.018

 Statin, n (%)

20 (95.24)

155 (85.16)

0.205

  1. ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; BMI-based FRAX-H, 10-yerar probability of hip fracture estimated based on BMI; BMI-based FRAX-M, 10-yerar probability of major osteoporotic fracture estimated based on BMI; CVD, preexisting cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate estimated by CKD-EPI; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TUG, timed up and go test; WC, waist circumference.
  2. *Central obesity: WC ≥ 80 cm in female and WC ≥ 90 cm in male.
  3. †TUG was performed in 95 patients with T2D and 139 patients without diabetes. Slow TUG was defined by the required times longer than 12 s to complete the procedure.
  4. #Data represented in Median (P25-P75) and analyzed with Wilcoxon rank sum test.
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