Fig. 1

(A) Flow diagram showing dry weights from the liquid‒liquid fractionation of the methanolic extract of D. spruceanum bulbs (DSBMo). The fractions included DSBHx (hexane), DSBCl (chloroform), and DSBMe1/DSBMe2 (remnants). (B) Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of DSBCl in normal and reversed-phases under longwave UV light. The normal phase shows a nonpolar compound spot at the start. The reversed-phase reveals bands of compounds with varying nonpolar characteristics. The black arrows indicate polarity. Normal phase: Silica gel 60 G F₂₅₄, benzene:acetone (15:1). Reversed-phase: Silica R8, benzene:acetone:ethyl acetate (15:1:2).