Table 3 Class Imbalance and SMOTE Settings.

From: A hybrid deep learning model for detection and mitigation of DDoS attacks in VANETs

Aspect

Details

Imbalance ratio

Minority class: < 15% of total samples

Quantification method

Class frequency count

Oversampling method

SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique)

Library used

imblearn.over_sampling.SMOTE

Nearest neighbors (k)

5

Sampling strategy

‘auto’ (equalizes to majority class size)

Random state

42 (for reproducibility)