Table 2 Formulas and explanations for scores of indices.

Greenery

\(G_i=\frac{\sum _{i=1}^2(\textrm{glass}_i+plant_i+tree_i)}{\sum _{i=1}^2plant_i}\)

⁵⁵

Enclosure

\(E_i=\frac{\sum _{i=1}^2(\textrm{building}_i+tree_i+wall_i+fence_i)}{\sum _{i=1}^2(1-sky_i)}\)

⁵⁶

Walkability

\(W_i=\frac{\sum _{i=1}^2person_i}{\sum _{i=1}^2(sidewalk_i+person_i)}\)

⁴⁴

Openness

\(O_i=1/n\sum _{i=1}^{n}S_{n}\)

⁵⁷

Imageability

\(I_i=1/n\sum _{i=1}^nB_n+1/n\sum _{i=1}^nS_n\)

Motor vehicle diversity

By summing up bicycles, cars, motorcycles, buses, and trucks

in each SVI, we determined the total count of each vehicle type

and employed the inverse distance weight method for calculation⁵⁸.