Table 6 Patient-level 5-fold cross-validation results for all model configurations.

From: Machine learning approaches overcome imbalanced clinical data for intraoral free flap monitoring

Model configuration

Accuracy

Precision

Recall

F1 score

Proposed (weighted focal loss)

0.9379 ± 0.0173

0.9421 ± 0.0152

0.9379 ± 0.0173

0.9080 ± 0.0253

Focal loss without weight

0.8956 ± 0.0229

0.8987 ± 0.0185

0.8956 ± 0.0229

0.8962 ± 0.0099

Weighted cross-entropy loss

0.8634 ± 0.0748

0.9039 ± 0.0221

0.8634 ± 0.0748

0.8789 ± 0.0524

CE loss without weight

0.9339 ± 0.0197

0.9187 ± 0.0380

0.9339 ± 0.0197

0.9060 ± 0.0263

  1. The results of the proposed model are shown in bold.